Pain points
Factories reject heat through stacks, condensers, cooling towers, wastewater and ventilation. Much of it is not used because source and sink temperatures do not match.
Valorization requires an engineering bridge between where heat is lost and where heat is useful.
Tradeoffs
Direct recovery is simple when temperatures match. Heat pumps create value when the source is too cold. Storage helps with timing but adds losses and cost.
Engineering FAQs
What data is needed?
Temperature, flow, operating hours, contamination risk, distance to sinks, current energy cost and production constraints.